reason for eviction

Among non-payment of rent, the other common grounds for eviction include engaging in activities that may reduce the utility or value of the rental property, allowing someone else to occupy the property, without due permission of the landlord, using the property for illegal purposes, end of the period of tenancy, etc

It is relevant to note that in the case of contractual tenancy, which is granted for a specific period, the landlord will not be entitled to apply for possession of the building for his own bona fide additional accommodation. However, it is necessary for the tenant to establish contractual tenancy under a registered rental agreement where registration is mandated.

In fact, as per a judgment passed by the Supreme Court, a landlord cannot evict a tenant for a minimum period of 5 years if he/she has made the rent payment regularly and in accordance to the signed Rent agreement.

Evicting a tenant is only possible when the lease ends or when the landlord cancels the lease by providing a formal notice under Section 106 of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882, and if the tenant still refuses to vacate, the landlord will have to file a lawsuit and get an order from the court

Grounds to Evict a Tenant in India

The rental laws in India enable the landlords to file an eviction suit against the tenant if there is a justifiable and valid reason for such a measure. Following are the grounds for eviction of a tenant in India:

• The tenant has intentionally not paid a mutually agreed rent amount for more than 15 days from the due date.
• The tenant has sublet a rented property to another person without taking the landlord’s permission or providing a written request.
• The tenant has used rented premises for unlawful purposes or other purposes than mentioned in the rental agreement.
• Any action of the tenant has led to the loss of property value or its utility.
• The tenant’s actions are found to be objectionable by the neighborhood and the landlord has received a complaint against the tenant.
• The tenant has intentionally refuted the landlord’s title in the rented property for an unknown reason.
• The landlord needs their property for own occupation or for any family member.
• The landlord needs their property for repairs and renovation which otherwise is not possible unless the property is vacated.
• The landlord intends to construct another building that requires demolition of the propert

How do you evict a tenant, as per Rights of Tenant in India?

Evicting a tenant can be a huge stress for a landlord if the said tenant isn't paying the rent or not vacating the property. However, the eviction of a tenant by the landlord are laid down by various state laws in India. So let's explore the ways a landlord can legally evict a tenant through a justifiable and valid reason for doing so.

Finding a tenant is easy, and is one of the most convenient ways to earn money, however, a person takes a huge risk in lending out his property to a stranger. Especially, sometimes, when it comes to the situation where you need to evict the tenant who is neither paying the rent nor vacating the property. Nowadays, landlords take extreme precautions to avoid such situations and are well-versed with the rules and regulations relating to the rental laws, rights of landlords and tenants in India mentioned under the Rent Control Act passed by the Government of India in 1948. This Act was implemented by the State Governments to regulate the rentals of the properties and evictions of the tenants. Under this Act, a Rent Agreement needs to be signed between the landlord and the tenant stating the details of the rented property, the rent period, monthly rent amount and the parties involved.

Table of Content:

1. Grounds to Evict a Tenant in India
2. How to Evict a Tenant in India?
3. How to avoid illegal eviction in India?
4. What are the steps to take if the tenant doesn't pay the rent?
5. Frequently Asked Questions

Grounds to Evict a Tenant in India

The rental laws in India enable the landlords to file an eviction suit against the tenant if there is a justifiable and valid reason for such a measure. Following are the grounds for eviction of a tenant in India:

• The tenant has intentionally not paid a mutually agreed rent amount for more than 15 days from the due date.
• The tenant has sublet a rented property to another person without taking the landlord’s permission or providing a written request.
• The tenant has used rented premises for unlawful purposes or other purposes than mentioned in the rental agreement.
• Any action of the tenant has led to the loss of property value or its utility.
• The tenant’s actions are found to be objectionable by the neighborhood and the landlord has received a complaint against the tenant.
• The tenant has intentionally refuted the landlord’s title in the rented property for an unknown reason.
• The landlord needs their property for own occupation or for any family member.
• The landlord needs their property for repairs and renovation which otherwise is not possible unless the property is vacated.
• The landlord intends to construct another building that requires demolition of the property.

How to Evict a Tenant in India?

After establishing the grounds for the eviction, the following procedure needs to be followed:

Stage I - Send a Notice to the Tenant to Vacate: An eviction notice needs to be filed in a court under the appropriate jurisdiction mentioning the reason for eviction and the time and date by which the tenant has to vacate the property and is then sent to the tenant to vacate the rental property. The landlord must give a reasonable time to the tenant to vacate the rented property. In the majority of cases, the tenants leave the rented premises after receiving a legal notice from the court.

Stage II - File an Eviction Suit: The tenant may refuse to vacate the rented property after receiving the court’s eviction notice and contest the eviction. In this case, the landlord can hire a rental property lawyer to file an eviction suit against the tenant. The suit for eviction of the tenant is filed in a civil court under whose jurisdiction the rented property is situated.

Stage III - Final Eviction Notice: The court hears both sides and issues a final legal notice for eviction for the tenant based on the arguments and evidence present. The tenant has to vacate the rented property once the court sends the final eviction notice.

This is the tenant eviction process in India, however, the eviction of the tenant without a rental agreement is difficult as there is no proof of property being given on rent to the tenant.

How do you evict a tenant, as per Rights of Tenant in India?

Evicting a tenant can be a huge stress for a landlord if the said tenant isn't paying the rent or not vacating the property. However, the eviction of a tenant by the landlord are laid down by various state laws in India. So let's explore the ways a landlord can legally evict a tenant through a justifiable and valid reason for doing s

the most convenient ways to earn money, however, a person takes a huge risk in lending out his property to a stranger. Especially, sometimes, when it comes to the situation where you need to evict the tenant who is neither paying the rent nor vacating the property. Nowadays, landlords take extreme precautions to avoid such situations and are well-versed with the rules and regulations relating to the rental laws, rights of landlords and tenants in India mentioned under the Rent Control Act passed by the Government of India in 1948. This Act was implemented by the State Governments to regulate the rentals of the properties and evictions of the tenants. Under this Act, a Rent Agreement needs to be signed between the landlord and the tenant stating the details of the rented property, the rent period, monthly rent amount and the parties involved.

Table of Content:

1. Grounds to Evict a Tenant in India
2. How to Evict a Tenant in India?
3. How to avoid illegal eviction in India?
4. What are the steps to take if the tenant doesn't pay the rent?
5. Frequently Asked Questions

Grounds to Evict a Tenant in India

The rental laws in India enable the landlords to file an eviction suit against the tenant if there is a justifiable and valid reason for such a measure. Following are the grounds for eviction of a tenant in India:

• The tenant has intentionally not paid a mutually agreed rent amount for more than 15 days from the due date.
• The tenant has sublet a rented property to another person without taking the landlord’s permission or providing a written request.
• The tenant has used rented premises for unlawful purposes or other purposes than mentioned in the rental agreement.
• Any action of the tenant has led to the loss of property value or its utility.
• The tenant’s actions are found to be objectionable by the neighborhood and the landlord has received a complaint against the tenant.
• The tenant has intentionally refuted the landlord’s title in the rented property for an unknown reason.
• The landlord needs their property for own occupation or for any family member.
• The landlord needs their property for repairs and renovation which otherwise is not possible unless the property is vacated.
• The landlord intends to construct another building that requires demolition of the property.

How to Evict a Tenant in India?

After establishing the grounds for the eviction, the following procedure needs to be followed:

Stage I - Send a Notice to the Tenant to Vacate: An eviction notice needs to be filed in a court under the appropriate jurisdiction mentioning the reason for eviction and the time and date by which the tenant has to vacate the property and is then sent to the tenant to vacate the rental property. The landlord must give a reasonable time to the tenant to vacate the rented property. In the majority of cases, the tenants leave the rented premises after receiving a legal notice from the court.

Stage II - File an Eviction Suit: The tenant may refuse to vacate the rented property after receiving the court’s eviction notice and contest the eviction. In this case, the landlord can hire a rental property lawyer to file an eviction suit against the tenant. The suit for eviction of the tenant is filed in a civil court under whose jurisdiction the rented property is situated.

Stage III - Final Eviction Notice: The court hears both sides and issues a final legal notice for eviction for the tenant based on the arguments and evidence present. The tenant has to vacate the rented property once the court sends the final eviction notice.

This is the tenant eviction process in India, however, the eviction of the tenant without a rental agreement is difficult as there is no proof of property being given on rent to the tenant.

How to avoid illegal eviction in India?

The Supreme Court of India has laid down that landlords cannot evict a tenant for at least 5 years if the rent is being paid regularly unless the landlord genuinely needs the property for himself/herself. There are other things that must be avoided while evicting a tenant, like:

• The rent agreement must be drafted with the help of a property lawyer and include relevant provisions relating to the use of property, termination of rent agreement, rent amount, etc.
• Rent agreement must be for only 11 months and provide a clause of optional renewal. It offers protection against eviction complications in the future.
• The grounds of eviction must be justifiable under the State’s rental laws in which the property is situated.
• The landlord must not take wrongful eviction measures such as cut-off basic utilities like electricity or water, alter locking mechanism of the tenanted property, throw away tenant’s belongings from the rented property or take penalizing measures by his own. These are criminal offences and tenant has the right to file charges against the landlord if found guilty of such conduct.
• The landlord must not evict a tenant without sending eviction notice.
• A background check must be conducted before renting the property to someone.

What are the steps to take if the tenant doesn't pay the rent?

The lease agreement ideally should include courses of action in case of non-payment of rent. Nonetheless, non-payment of rent due is one of the common grounds across state tenancy acts for the eviction of a tenant. A legal notice could be sent to the tenant in question, with details on the rent due, asking the tenant to comply or vacate, and the course of action you’re going to embark on if the tenant does not respond either way.

Frequently Asked Questions:

Do tenants have rights without a lease?

For tenancies that are longer than month-to-month, the landlord cannot end the tenancy without cause until the end of the term. However, the landlord does not need to give the tenant notice to move out at the end of the term unless the lease specifically requires it.

Can I call the police to evict a tenant?

No matter how bad the problem is, you cannot kick the tenant out of the property, make threats, or change the locks or turn off the utilities. This is called a “ self-help eviction,” and is illegal. You need to issue an eviction notice from the court before a legal eviction can occur.

What are the rights of the tenants without a lease in India? 

You don’t necessarily need a lease to become a tenant of a property. This kind of tenancy is called tenancy at will. The respective states have their own state laws in this regard as regards tenancy; these laws are applied in their respective jurisdictions. For instance, the state of West Bengal follows the West Bengal Premises Tenancy Act 1977. The strongest right that the tenant has is the right against eviction.

What to do if the tenant is not paying the rent?

The lease agreement ideally should include courses of action in case of non-payment of rent. Nonetheless, non-payment of rent due is one of the common grounds across state tenancy acts for the eviction of a tenant. A legal notice could be sent to the tenant in question, with details on the rent due, asking the tenant to comply or vacate, and the course of action you’ re going to embark on if the tenant does not respond either way.

How long can tenant stay without paying rent? 

This question primarily depends on the lease agreement as well. It could have provisions setting out the time period threshold after which the tenant can stay no more. Lease agreements could have clauses on a ‘grace period’ up to which a tenant can stay without rent. Furthermore, negotiations can also pave the way to deciding the amount of time a tenant can live without rent.

How can I evict a tenant without a lease in India? 

Since the respective state laws cover tenancy at will, eviction could be done as per the provisions under the respective legislations. Among non-payment of rent, the other common grounds for eviction include engaging in activities that may reduce the utility or value of the rental property, allowing someone else to occupy the property, without due permission of the landlord, using the property for illegal purposes, end of the period of tenancy, etc. An eviction notice has to be sent before initiation of eviction.

What can I do if a tenant refuses to move out? 

If the tenant does not comply with the legal grounds and refuses to move out, an eviction procedure could be started. Valid grounds for moving the court for eviction are the failure to pay rent and refusal to move outpost the end of lease period.

What happens if the tenant refuses to leave after the eviction notice has been served? 

Non-compliance to the eviction notice would entail court action as and when the landlord chooses to start one.

On what grounds can a tenant be evicted?

Some legitimate reasons you can evict a tenant for are: Non-payment of Rent Lease Violation Property Damage Illegal or Drug-Related Activities Expiration of Lease

• 

  

  

  

Can a Sale Deed Be Cancelled After the Property Mutation Has Been Completed?

Delhi-NCR•Apr 21, 2021

It is possible to cancel the registration of your conveyance or title deeds (sale, gift, exchange, transfer) by registering a cancellation deed. A cancellation deed is a legal document that extinguishes any rights the buyer of a property may have had to it. It cancels the property transfer that had taken place from the buyer to the seller. It must be signed by both, the buyer and the seller.

MUTATION

Whenever there is a change in the ownership of a property, it is important that the new owner updates the revenue records of the municipal authorities, so that they can charge property tax from her/him. The process of recording the change in ownership in the revenue records of the municipal authorities is called ‘mutation’. Mutation is referred to as ‘Dakhil Kharji’ and ‘Intekal’ in Hindi. A mutation certificate is required when the new owner applies for a water or electricity connection.

So can a sale deed be cancelled after the mutation of your property has taken place?

It is possible to register your cancellation deed even after mutation has taken place. However, once the rights to your property have been extinguished by the registration of a cancellation deed, i.e., once you are no longer its owner, the new owner will have to undertake the property mutation. It is important that the municipal records always show the true ownership of the property.

To understand the process of registering cancellation deeds in Mumbai, take a look at our article- ‘Cancellation Deeds- Registration Trend in Mumbai and How to Register’.

What happens if you don’t mutate your property on time?

Property mutation should be done within six months of its purchase. A minimal penalty of ₹25 in Delhi is levied on the owner if s/he fails to mutate her/his property on time.

Photo by Ryutaro Tsukata from Pexels.

---

At TEAL, we are building the next generation of property due diligence using big data analytics and machine learning. We provide reliable information about property ownership, registration status, disputes, tax compliance history and all other information that you will need to make a safe and secure property investment. To learn how TEAL can help you in

എന്താണ് തീറാധാരം / വില ആധാരം (Sale Deed)?

ഭൂമി കൈമാറ്റത്തിന്റെ രേഖയാണ് ആധാരം. മുദ്രപത്രത്തിൽ അംഗീകൃതരീതിയിൽ രേഖപ്പെടുത്തി, രജിസ്ട്രാർ വകുപ്പിന്റെ കീഴിലുള്ള രജിസ്ട്രാർ ഓഫീസിൽ രജിസ്റ്റർ ചെയ്താണ് ആധാരം സാധുവാകുന്നത്.

ആധാരം വിവിധ തരത്തിൽ ഉണ്ട്. തീറാധാരം (Sale Deed), തീറാധാരം (Sale Deed), ദാനാധാരം(Gift Deed), പരസ്പര കൈമാറ്റാധാരം(Exchange of Property), ജാമ്യാധാരം, പണയധാരം, തെറ്റ് തിരുത്താധാരം (Correction Deed), റദ്ധാധാരം(Cancellation Deed), ഒറ്റി ആധാരം. പേരുകളുടെ അർത്ഥ സൂചനകൾ മനസിലാക്കിയാൽ ഓരോന്നും എന്തിനുള്ള/സംബന്ധിച്ച ആധാരമെന്നു മനസിലാക്കാം.

എന്താണ് തീറാധാരം (Sale Deed)?
പ്രതിഫലം പറ്റിക്കൊണ്ട്‌ ആര്ക്കു വേണമെങ്കിലും രജിസ്റ്റർ ചെയ്തു കൊടുക്കാവുന്ന ആധാരം. ഭൂമി, കെട്ടിടം തുടങ്ങിയ മുതലുകൾ കൈമാറ്റം ചെയ്യുന്നതിന് തയ്യാറാക്കുന്ന രേഖ. സാധാരണ വസ്തു കച്ചവടം നടക്കുന്നത് തീറാധാരം മുഖേന ആണ്.

---

Note:ഭൂമി കൈമാറ്റത്തിന്റെ രേഖയാണ് ആധാരം. മുദ്രപത്രത്തിൽ അംഗീകൃതരീതിയിൽ രേഖപ്പെടുത്തി, രജിസ്ട്രാർ വകുപ്പിന്റെ കീഴിലുള്ള രജിസ്ട്രാർ ഓഫീസിൽ രജിസ്റ്റർ ചെയ്താണ് ആധാരം സാധുവാകുന്നത്. ഒസ്യത്ത് വഴിയോ, കൈമാറ്റം വഴിയോ നടക്കുന്ന ഭൂമിയിടപാടുകൾ ഇത്തരത്തിൽ സർക്കാർ അംഗീകാരം നേടേണ്ടതാണ്.

ഒരേ സ്ഥലത്തിന്റെ പഴയ ആധാരങ്ങൾ നിലവിലുണ്ടെങ്കിൽ അവയെ മുന്നാധാരം – കീഴാധാരങ്ങൾ- അടിയാധാരങ്ങൾ – Prior Documents എന്ന് പറയപ്പെടുന്നു.

ആധാരം വിവിധ തരത്തിൽ ഉണ്ട്. തീറാധാരം (Sale Deed), ദാനാധാരം(Gift Deed), പരസ്പര കൈമാറ്റാധാരം(Exchange of Property), ജാമ്യാധാരം, പണയധാരം, തെറ്റ് തിരുത്താധാരം (Correction Deed), റദ്ധാധാരം(Cancellation Deed), ഒറ്റി ആധാരം.
പേരുകളുടെ അർത്ഥ സൂചനകൾ മനസിലാക്കിയാൽ ഓരോന്നും എന്തിനുള്ള/സംബന്ധിച്ച ആധാരമെന്നു മനസിലാക്കാം.

Dhana nischayam literally means commitment of wealth by one person to another by way of a Gift. in the present case has given his share in property to you by means of gift .

Aadharam It is a document written by an authorized licensee in a stamp paper as per the value of land and registered in registrar office about the transaction made to a property. It can be a will, or a transaction. It includes the area, boundaries and sketch about a particular piece of land.

Supreme Court on adjournments: No more tarikh pe tarikh

NEW DELHI: More than 28 years after the “tarikh pe tarikh” dialogue in the film “Damini” encapsulated the common citizen’s views on the meandering case trial process, the 

Supreme Court

 on Thursday barred grant of repeated adjournments routinely and told trial court judges to risk becoming unpopular among advocates by refusing at the drop of a hat any request for deferment of hearings.

Frowning at the 10 adjournments granted by an 

MP court

 in an eviction suit to delay the process by four years, a bench of Justices M R Shah and A S Bopanna said, “The courts shall be very slow in granting adjournments... The time has now come to change the work culture and get out of the adjournment culture so that the confidence and trust put by the litigants in the justice delivery system is not shaken and the rule of law is maintained.”

SC: Repeated adjournments break the back of litigants

Writing the judgment, Justice Shah said many a time the tactic employed by unscrupulous litigants is to seek repeated adjournments and cause enormous delay to deny justice to the opposite party. “Repeated adjournments break the back of litigants. The courts are enjoined upon to perform their duties with the object of strengthening the confidence of the common man in the institution entrusted with the administration of justice.”

Any effort which weakens the system and shakes the faith of the common man in the justice dispensation has to be discouraged. Therefore, the courts shall not grant adjournments in a routine manner and mechanically and shall not be a party to cause for delay in dispensing justice. The courts have to be diligent and take timely action in order to usher in an efficient justice dispensation system and maintain faith in rule of law,” the bench said.

The SC was aware of the work culture in trial courts where a judge invites the displeasure of litigants and becomes unpopular among advocates if s/he takes a strict view and refuses adjournments sought routinely.

“The judicial officer shall not worry about that if his conscience is clear. The judicial officer has to bear in mind his duties to the litigants who are before the courts and who have come for justice and for whom courts are meant and make all efforts to provide timely justice to the litigants,” the SC said.

The SC said because of this untrammelled adjournment culture prevailing for years in the justice delivery system, the litigants' right to speedy trials has become elusive. “Arrears are mounting because of such delays, dilatory tactics, advocates asking for repeated adjournments and the courts mechanically and routinely granting it,” Justice Shah said.

It cannot be disputed that due to delay in access to justice and not getting timely justice may shake the trust and confidence of the litigants in the justice delivery system,” the SC warned.

Order VIII Rule 1 CPC | Time Limit For Filing Written Statement is Directory not Mandatory: Kerala HC

Recently, The Kerala HC ruled that the proviso to Order VIII Rule 1 CPC, fixing the time limit, is only directory.

The bench of Justices A. Muhamed Mustaque and Shoba Annamma Eapen observed that the binding judgment is an enunciation of the law, on a point directly and specifically arisen for consideration by the Apex Court.

In this case, The plaintiffs filed a suit for a declaration that the Government Order, ordering the dispossession of the plaintiffs from the suit premises is illegal and for a consequential injunction to restrain the defendants from dispossessing the plaintiffs from the suit property. 

An application was filed by the Additional Government Pleader to receive written statement after the condonation of delay of 47 days in filing the written statement. 

The plaintiffs raised objections in receiving the written statement after the outer limit of the period referred to in Order VIII Rule 1 CPC. 

Overruling these objections, the Sub Judge, in a reasoned order, condoned delay in filing the written statement and received the written statement on record. 

The issue for consideration before the bench was:

Is the time limit fixed under Order VIII Rule 1 of the Code of Civil Procedure for filing a written statement, mandatory or directory in character?

The bench relied upon the case of Kailash v. Nanhku & Others where the Apex Court considered the mandate of Order VIII Rule 1 CPC. The question considered was whether the time limit of 90 days as prescribed under the proviso appended to Order VIII Rule 1 CPC is mandatory or directory in nature. The Apex Court held that the time limit fixed is only directory in nature and further opined that the observation by the Apex Court in Dr.J.J. Merchant’s case is obiter

High Court further relied upon the case of M/s. R.N. Jadi & Brothers And Others v. Subhashchandra where the Apex Court considered the question of receiving written statement beyond 90 days. The Apex Court held that the time limit prescribed is directory in nature. However, the extension beyond 30 days is not automatic and should be exercised with caution and further held that the extension of time beyond 90 days must be granted only based on the clear satisfaction of the court.

The bench noted that when a point directly and specifically comes up for consideration before the Apex Court subsequently and the Apex Court decides the matter, the judgment of the subsequent Bench will have to be followed as a binding precedent. 

High Court after referring to various judgments observed that the proviso to Order VIII Rule 1 CPC, fixing the time limit, is only directory.

Case Title: M.M. Madhavan Namboodiri v. The Tahsildar 

Bench: Justices A. Muhamed Mustaque and Shoba Annamma Eapen

Case No.: OP(C) NO. 1139 OF 2018

Counsel for the appellant: Adv. B.G. Bhasker

Counsel for the respondent: Adv. B. Parthasarathy

Under Section 3(1) of the Employees Compensation Act, 1923[2], if personal injury is caused to an employee by accident arising out of and in the course of his employment, his employer shall be liable to pay compensation.

Under Section 3(1) of the Employees Compensation Act, 1923[2], if personal injury is caused to an employee by accident arising out of and in the course of his employment, his employer shall be liable to pay compensation.

How is workman's compensation calculated in case of death?

Under the Workmen's Compensation Act, compensation is offered to the workers and their.
...
Compensation in Case of Death

1. 5000 funeral expense is payable.
2. 60% of monthly salary X relevant factors based on the age of the worker.
3. 1,40,000 is the minimum amount payable

വിദേശ പൗരത്വം എടുത്ത ഇന്ത്യക്കാർക്ക് സ്വത്തുക്കൾ വിൽക്കുകയോ പണയം വയ്ക്കുകയോ ചെയ്യണമെങ്കിൽ റിസർവ് ബാങ്കിന്റെ പ്രത്യേക അനുമതി വേണം; സുപ്രീം കോടതി വിധി

വിദേശ പൗരത്വം എടുത്ത ഇന്ത്യക്കാർക്ക് സ്വത്തുക്കൾ വിൽക്കുകയോ പണയം വയ്ക്കുകയോ ചെയ്യണമെങ്കിൽ റിസർവ് ബാങ്കിന്റെ പ്രത്യേക അനുമതി വേണം; സുപ്രീം കോടതി വിധി

June 15 2022

 

ന്യൂഡൽഹി :വിദേശികൾക്ക് റിസർവ് ബാങ്കിന്റെ അനുമതിയില്ലാതെ ഇന്ത്യയിലെ വസ്തുക്കൾ പണയം വയ്ക്കുവാനോ കൈമാറ്റം നടത്തുവാനോ ചെയ്യാൻ കഴിയില്ലെന്ന് സുപ്രീംകോടതി വിധിച്ചു. ജസ്റ്റിസ് എ എം ഖാൻവിൽക്കർ അധ്യക്ഷനായ മൂന്നംഗ ബെഞ്ച്, ഫോറിൻ എക്സ്ചേഞ്ച് റെഗുലേഷൻ ആക്ടിലെ 31ാം സെക്ഷന്റെ അടിസ്ഥാനത്തിലാണ് വിധി പ്രഖ്യാപിച്ചത്.

വിദേശികൾക്ക് ഇന്ത്യയിലെ റിയൽ എസ്റ്റേറ്റ് സംവിധാനങ്ങളിൽ ഇടപെടാൻ ആകില്ലെന്ന് FERA സെക്ഷൻ 31 ലോക്സഭയിൽ അവതരിപ്പിച്ചപ്പോൾ വ്യക്തമാക്കിയിരുന്നതാണ്. ആ നിയമത്തെ പരിപൂർണ്ണമായി നടപ്പാക്കാൻ ശ്രദ്ധ ചെലുത്തിയ സർക്കാരിന്റെ ഉദ്ദേശശുദ്ധിയെ കോടതി പരാമർശിച്ചു.

റിസർവ് ബാങ്കിന്റെ അനുമതി നേടാതെ സ്വത്തുക്കൾ കൈമാറ്റം നടത്തിയാൽ നിയമപരമായി അത് നിലനിൽക്കുന്നതല്ല. ഇതുവരെ നടന്ന കൈമാറ്റങ്ങൾ ഈ നിയമത്തിന്റെ കീഴിൽ വരില്ലെന്നും വിധിയിൽ പറയുന്നു

വിദേശ പൗരത്വം എടുത്ത നിങ്ങളുടെ പേരിൽ നാട്ടിൽ സ്വത്തുക്കൾ ഉണ്ടോ ? എങ്കിൽ അതു വിൽക്കുകയോ പണയം വയ്ക്കുകയോ ചെയ്യണമെങ്കിൽ റിസർവ് ബാങ്കിന്റെ പ്രത്യേക അനുമതി വേണം; സുപ്രീം കോടതിയുടെ സുപ്രധാനമായ വിധി പ്രവാസികളെ എങ്ങനെ ബാധിക്കും എന്നറിയാം

വിദേശ പൗരത്വം എടുത്തിട്ടുള്ള ഇന്ത്യാക്കാർക്ക് ഇനി നാട്ടിലുള്ള സ്വത്തുക്കൾ ക്രയവിക്രയം ചെയ്യുവാനും പണയപ്പെടുത്തുവാനുമൊക്കെ ഇനിമുതൽ റിസർവ് ബാങ്കിന്റെ പ്രത്യേക അനുമതി ആവശ്യമായി വരും. ഫോറിൻ എക്സ്ചേഞ്ച് റെഗുലേഷൻ ആക്ട് (ഫെറ) 1973 ലെ സെക്ഷൻ 31 ഉയർത്തിപ്പിടിച്ചാണ് ജസ്റ്റിസ് എ എം ഖാൻവില്ക്കർ അദ്ധ്യക്ഷം വഹിച്ച സുപ്രീം കോടതി ബഞ്ചിന്റെ വിധി. ഇതനുസരിച്ച്, ഇന്ത്യൻ പൗരനല്ലാത്ത ഒരാൾക്ക് ഇന്ത്യയിലെ സ്വത്തുക്കൾ വിൽക്കുവാനോ പണയപ്പെടുത്തുവാനോ റിസർവ് ബാങ്കിന്റെ പ്രത്യേകാനുമതി ആവശ്യമാണ്.

ഇത്തരത്തിലുള്ള സ്വത്തുക്കൾ കൈമാറ്റം ചെയ്യുമ്പോൾ, റിസർവ് ബാങ്ക് അനുമതി നൽകുന്നതുവരെ കൈമാറ്റത്തിന് നിയമപരമായ സാധുത ലഭിക്കുകയില്ല എന്നും ജസ്റ്റിസ് ഇന്ദു മൽഹോത്ര, അജയ് രസ്തോഗി എന്നിവർ ഉൾപ്പെട്ട ബഞ്ച വ്യക്തമാക്കി. എന്നിരുന്നാലും, ഇതുവരെ നടന്ന ഇടപാടുകൾ വീണ്ടും പുനപരിശോധിക്കേണ്ടതില്ലെന്നും കോടതി വ്യക്തമാക്കി. ബെങ്കലൂരുവിലെ ഒരു സ്വത്തുകൈമാറ്റവുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെടുത്തി നടന്ന കേസിലാണ് ഈ സുപ്രധാന വിധി വന്നത്. 1977-ൽ ചാൾസ് റൈറ്റ് എന്നൊരു വിദേശിയുടെ വിധവ റിസർവ് ബാങ്ക് അനുമതി വാങ്ങാതെ സ്വത്ത് വിറ്റതുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട കേസായിരുന്നു അത്. അനുമതി വേണമെന്ന് ഉറപ്പിച്ചു പറയുമ്പോഴും പഴയ കാര്യങ്ങൾ കുത്തിപ്പൊക്കേണ്ടതില്ല എന്നതീരുമാനത്തിൽ ഈ സ്ഥലത്തിന്റെ ഇടപാട് നിയമവിധേയമാക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു.

ഒ സി ഐ കാർഡുള്ള ഇന്ത്യാക്കാരുടെ പല അവകാശങ്ങളും എടുത്തുകളഞ്ഞ് സർക്കാർ പുതിയ നിയമം കൊണ്ടുവരുന്ന ഘട്ടത്തിൽ തന്നെയാണ് വിദേശ ഇന്ത്യാക്കാർക്ക് മറ്റൊരു തിരിച്ചടിയായി ഈ വിധി വന്നിരിക്കുന്നത്. ഇതനുസരിച്ച്, നിങ്ങൾ വിദേശ പൗരത്വം എടുത്തിട്ടുണ്ടെങ്കിൽ , നാട്ടിലെ സ്വത്തിൽ എന്തെങ്കിലും ക്രയവിക്രയങ്ങൾ നടത്തുന്നതിനു മുൻപായി റിസർവ് ബാങ്കിന്റെ പ്രത്യേക അനുമതി എടുത്തിരിക്കണം. അത് എടുക്കാതിരിക്കുന്നിടത്തോളം കാലം ഈ സ്വത്തുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട ഇടപാടുകൾക്ക് നിയമപരമായ സാധുത ഉണ്ടായിരിക്കില്ല.

നിരവധി മലയാളികളെ നേരിട്ട് ബാധിക്കുന്ന ഒരു കാര്യം തന്നെയാണിത്, പ്രത്യേകിച്ച് മദ്ധ്യ കേരളത്തിൽ. ഗൾഫ് മലയാളികൾക്ക് അവിടങ്ങളിലെ പൗരത്വമില്ലാത്തതിനാൽ എൻ ആർ ഐ സ്റ്റാറ്റസ് ആണ് ഉള്ളത്. എന്നാൽ, അമേരിക്ക, ബ്രിട്ടൻ തുടങ്ങിയ പാശ്ചാത്യ രാജ്യങ്ങളിൽ എത്തിച്ചേർന്നവർ, ഒരു നിശ്ചിത കാലാവധി തീരുമ്പോൾ അവിടത്തെ പൗരന്മാരായി മറുകയാണ് പതിവ്. ഓവർസീസ് സിറ്റിസൺസ് ഓഫ് ഇന്ത്യ എന്ന പ്രത്യേക സ്റ്റാറ്റസ് ആയിരുന്നു ഇവർക്ക് ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നത്.

ഇരട്ടപൗരത്വം എന്ന ആശയം ചർച്ചയിൽ നിൽക്കുന്ന സമയത്ത് ഒ സി ഐ കാർഡുള്ളവർക്ക് ഇന്ത്യൻ പൗരന്മാര്ക്കുള്ള എല്ലാ അവകാശങ്ങളും, വോട്ടവകാശം ഒഴികെ, നൽകിയിരുന്നു. ഇതനുസരിച്ച്, നാട്ടിൽ സ്ഥലം വാങ്ങിക്കൂട്ടിയിട്ടുള്ളവർനിരവധിയാണ്. ഇനി സ്വത്തുക്കളുടെ കാര്യത്തിൽ മുന്നോട്ട് പോവുക ഇവരെ സംബന്ധിച്ചിടത്തോളം പ്രയാസമേറിയ കാര്യമാകും, പ്രത്യേകിച്ച് റിസർവ് ബാങ്കിന്റെ അനുമതിയൊക്കെ വാങ്ങുക എന്ന കാര്യമുള്ളപ്പോൾ. . തീർച്ചയായും ഇത് കേരളത്തിലെ റിയൽ എസ്റ്റേറ്റ് മേഖലയിൽ ഒരു തിരിച്ചടിക്ക് കാരണമായേക്കാം